dzȯ ȸ
13 3ȣ, September 2014
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ISSN : 2288-9167 (Print)
ISSN : 2288-923X (Online)
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Estimation of personal exposure to air pollutants for housewives
using time activity pattern and evaluating air quality of micro-environments
̼롤̺ءšȣ*
Abstracts
Hazardous air pollutants such as NO2, VOCs and PM10 were measured Daegu, Korea in major micro-environments,
where housewives spend the most of their time, and personal exposure times were estimated by using time activity
patterns and exposure scenarios. The major microenvironments of housewives were selected using the Time-Use
Survey conducted by the National Statistical Office in Korea in 2009. A total of 4,514 (weekdays) and 3,063
(weekends) housewives were recruited for the Time-Use Survey. It seems that housewives are spending about
80% of their time in the house, and about 5% of their time outdoors during weekdays and weekends. The indoor/
outdoor ratio of the average concentration of NO2 was more than 1, which indicated that the source was indoors.
Toluene was shown to have higher concentrations indoors than outdoors. Ethylbenzene and xylene displayed
similar characteristics to toluene, and the concentration ratio for indoor/outdoor was shown to be 1.29 0.76 and
1.04 0.45, respectively, higher concentrations indoors. Based on the results of the time activity patterns of
participants, 3 kinds of exposure scenarios were formulated. The spent time and air concentration in each
environment were assumed as normal and lognormal distribution, respectively. And then the Monte-Carlo
simulation was conducted. According to the result of the simulation, the exposures to hazardous air pollutants
revealed an increasing pattern as housewives visits other indoor environments such as supermarkets.
Keywords : Time activity patter, Air pollutants, Exposure, Housewife